You are lost in the woods and the path you are following forks into two: a path to the left and one to the right. One path will lead you to safety while the other will cause you to be lost forever.
At the fork are two twin sisters who know which path is which. The sisters are identical in every way except one: one of the sisters always tells the truth while the other always lies.
You can ask only one question and you don’t know which sister is which. What can you say to them so you know which path to take?
Ask one of the sisters which path their sister would tell you to take.
Let’s say the left hand path is the correct one to follow. The sister that lies knows their truthful sister would tell you the left hand path, so as they always lie they will tell you the right hand path.
The honest sister knows their lying sister will tell you the right hand path and because they’re honest, they will tell you this. So you should follow the opposite path to that which you are told, regardless of which sister tells you.
Imagine the following: you are walking through the woods and a huge bear is going to attack you. You are running for your dear life, but he is getting closer and closer...
How can you escape from the bear?
Dr. Miller was staying with his cousin, Alfred, in Alfred’s lakeside cabin. They were setting up Alfred’s will. Since Dr. Miller was Alfred’s closest living relative, much of Alfred’s estate was being left to him.
One day, Alfred went to Dr. Miller very upset.
“Doctor,” he began, “I have just found out that an old enemy is out to get me. He is coming very soon. Where will I go? Where can I hide? If he finds me, he will surely kill me. I do not have time to leave this cabin and hide in the woods.”
Dr. Miller thought for a moment, and then grabbed a 5′ long bamboo fishing pole, with a diameter the size of a quarter.
“Alfred, follow me out to the lake. This lake is 4′ deep. If you lie on the bottom of the lake and breathe through this pole, your enemy will never find you. I will be in the bulrushes with a shotgun, and I will shoot him when he comes. I will swim down to find you when he is gone.”
Alfred thought that was a great idea and went down to the lake with the bamboo pole in his mouth.
A few hours later, a ranger passed by. He found Alfred’s body. Dr. Miller told the police of the circumstance, and that Alfred had probably panicked, and died.
Police arrested Dr. Miller on the charge of murdering Alfred. Why?
The pole was 5′ long, but only the size of a quarter. The first time he breathed in, he breathed oxygen. When he exhaled, the air could not travel 5′ before he breathed in again. He was just breathing what he exhaled. Before long, all he was breathing was carbon dioxide. He died of CO2 poisoning. Dr. Miller was the one who told him to use the pole. However, he was knowledgeable about the human body and knew breathing only carbon dioxide would result in Alfred’s death. His motive? The money in Alfred’s will.
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