As cannabis becomes increasingly legal and socially accepted, it’s important to understand its effects on the body, particularly the heart. While many people use cannabis for its therapeutic benefits, the scientific community has been investigating its cardiovascular implications. This article explores the current understanding of how cannabis impacts heart health, backed by recent studies. Have a look at the end of the article for links to to the studies relied upon in this article.
Cannabis contains various compounds, with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) being the most studied. THC is known for its psychoactive effects, while CBD is often praised for its medicinal properties. However, their impact on the cardiovascular system is complex and not fully understood.
Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
One of the most immediate effects of cannabis consumption, particularly THC, is an increase in heart rate. This effect can last for several hours and may be accompanied by a rise in blood pressure. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found that THC can cause a dose-dependent increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which can be especially concerning for individuals with preexisting heart conditions .
Cannabis use has also been linked to an increased risk of arrhythmias. A study in the Journal of Addiction Medicine reported that cannabis can trigger abnormal heart rhythms, particularly in younger users and those with underlying cardiac issues . This study highlights the need for caution among users who may be at risk.
Cannabis and Low Blood Pressure
While cannabis is assosicated with HIGH blood pressure, recent research has indicated that certain cannabinoids in cannabis may "help" lower blood pressure. For example, a study conducted by Ben-Gurion University found that older adults who used cannabis, whether by smoking or oil extracts, experienced significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure within 24 hours, with the most pronounced effects occurring three hours after ingestion. This was especially notable when cannabis was used at night (Cannabis.net).
However, there are risks involved if you suffer from low blood pressure, since you can experience a lowering of the blood pressure during sleep after smoking (especially Indica strains) which can cause vertigo, dizziness and even losing consciousness. This is especially true for older adults over the age of 60.
Perhaps one of the most alarming potential effects of cannabis on the heart is its association with myocardial infarction (heart attack). The Circulation journal published research indicating that cannabis use can increase the risk of heart attack, especially in the hour following use. This heightened risk is thought to be due to the increased heart rate and blood pressure, along with potential platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction .
The long-term effects of cannabis on cardiovascular health are still being studied, but initial findings suggest potential risks. A longitudinal study in the American Journal of Cardiology found that regular cannabis users had a higher incidence of cardiovascular events over a 15-year period compared to non-users . This study emphasizes the importance of considering long-term health implications when using cannabis.
While the cardiovascular risks associated with cannabis use are concerning, it is essential to balance these findings with the therapeutic benefits that many users experience. Cannabis has been shown to be effective in treating chronic pain, reducing anxiety, and managing symptoms of various medical conditions. CBD, in particular, is often used for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties without the psychoactive effects of THC.
For those using cannabis for medical purposes, particularly those with cardiovascular conditions, it is crucial to do so under medical supervision. Doctors can monitor heart health and adjust dosages to minimize risks. Moreover, choosing strains with higher CBD to THC ratios may mitigate some of the cardiovascular effects associated with cannabis use.
Below: A Guide to the different types of Cannabinoids, click it to see the image in full size.
The relationship between cannabis and heart health is complex, and current research provides only a partial picture. More studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms through which cannabis affects the cardiovascular system and to identify which populations are most at risk.
It’s also important to recognize that individual responses to cannabis can vary significantly. Factors such as genetics, overall health, dosage, and frequency of use can all influence how cannabis impacts the heart. Personalized medicine approaches may one day allow for safer and more effective use of cannabis based on individual risk profiles.
Cannabis use has both therapeutic benefits and potential cardiovascular risks. While it can offer significant relief for many medical conditions, it is important to be aware of its impact on heart health. Users, particularly those with preexisting heart conditions, should consult healthcare professionals to ensure safe use. As research continues, a clearer understanding of how to balance these benefits and risks will emerge, helping to guide safer cannabis use.
For further reading, you can explore the studies cited in this article:
Understanding the full scope of cannabis' effects on the heart is crucial as its use becomes more widespread. Continued research and informed medical guidance will be key in navigating its risks and benefits.
